Step 1: Cook the pasta

Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to the package instructions until al dente. Drain and set aside.

Step 2: Make the béchamel sauce

In a saucepan, melt the butter over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and cook for 1 minute until fragrant. Stir in the flour and cook for another minute, whisking constantly to make a roux. Gradually add the milk, whisking continuously to prevent lumps. Cook until the sauce thickens, about 5 minutes.

Step 3: Add the cheese

Remove the béchamel sauce from the heat and stir in the grated cheddar, mozzarella, and Parmesan. Season with salt, black pepper, and a pinch of nutmeg if using. Stir until the cheese is melted and the sauce is smooth.

Step 4: Combine and assemble

Preheat your oven to 200°C (400°F). In a large mixing bowl, combine the cooked pasta with the cheese sauce. If adding vegetables or proteins, stir them in at this stage. Transfer the mixture to a greased baking dish.

Step 5: Add the topping and bake

Sprinkle extra grated cheese and breadcrumbs on top for a golden, crispy crust. Bake in the preheated oven for 20-25 minutes, or until the top is golden and bubbling.

Step 6: Serve

Remove the pasta bake from the oven and let it cool slightly before serving. Garnish with fresh parsley if desired and enjoy hot.